What is a PoE camera? A complete guide

What is a PoE camera?

PoE (Power over Ethernet) cameras are a distinct type of Internet Protocol (IP) security camera that use a single Ethernet cable to send data and receive power. Analog CCTV systems and standard IP cameras use separate cables to send data and receive power, meaning installation and maintenance processes can be complicated. PoE cameras simplify things using one cable.

PoE cameras share similar benefits to other types of internet protocol cameras, including remote-access features, high-quality imagery and the ability to send data to wider systems over the internet. However, they provide this functionality with fewer logistical and infrastructural requirements.

Simply put, all PoE cameras are IP cameras though not all IP cameras work in PoE systems.

How do PoE cameras work?

Power-over-Ethernet cameras work by recording and formatting video data internally and then sending that information to a Network Video Recorder (NVR) for viewing and storage. Data transmissions are sent over a single Ethernet cable which also sends power to the camera.

Utilizing PoE for cameras enables property owners to use fewer resources during installation, resulting in an easier and more efficient development process. As only one cable run is needed to service the entire system, the risk of equipment failure can also be reduced.

What is a PoE security camera system?

A PoE security camera system is a unified network of PoE cameras connected to additional storage, management and communication solutions. This enables operators to view, edit and adjust video footage and create integrations with wider security systems. 

Required components for a PoE security camera system include:

• PoE IP cameras: PoE cameras will be installed to cover key locations, such as entrances, exits, hallways and storage spaces, capturing live footage for operators to observe.
• Ethernet cables: Computer networking (CAT5 or CAT6 Ethernet) cables transmit data and power between PoE cameras and wider components like NVRs and TVs.
• NVR systems: NVRs are mass storage devices that receive processed video data via Ethernet cables. NVRs differ from DVRs in that they cannot process data natively.
• PoE switches: PoE switches can be utilized in larger installations to extend the size of the system and connect PoE cameras/​NVRs to wider PoE-compliant technologies.
• Monitoring solutions: Physical monitors and video management software (VMS) are linked to NVRs so operators can view live feeds on-site. Remote monitoring may also be offered via cloud-based platforms.

Types of PoE security cameras

In the same way that PoE cameras are a subdivision of IP cameras, many different types of PoE cameras are available to businesses and property owners. Different models of PoE cameras offer unique benefits, with specifications designed to address various security and building management needs. Below are a few examples of common PoE security camera types.

Dome PoE cameras

Dome PoE cameras have a wide-angle lens housed in a protective dome-shaped enclosure and offer a wide field of view (FOV) at the cost of some long-distance visibility. Dome security cameras can be effective when used to cover open areas like shop floors, stock rooms and parking lots, but property managers need to ensure that their protective enclosures are cleaned regularly for optimal visibility.

Bullet PoE cameras

Bullet PoE cameras provide great long-distance visibility but have a narrow FOV, meaning they’re most effective when installed to cover areas like building perimeters, hallways and access roads. Bullet models are among the most recognizable types of PoE cameras so they can act as a visual deterrent. Many bullet PoE camera models also feature weather-resistant enclosures.

Turret PoE cameras

Turret PoE cameras have a ball-and-socket joint that allows operators to manually adjust viewing positions, providing great coverage over larger areas without needing multiple devices. Some turret models can be adjusted remotely, others require manual manipulation, but all turret cameras can be prone to damage if the moving parts are not cared for.

Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) PoE cameras

PTZ PoE cameras can be viewed as an evolution of turret cameras featuring native pan, tilt and zoom controls that enable operators to adjust viewing positions remotely. PTZ camera systems are best suited to large, high-traffic spaces where the ability to follow target objects in real time is beneficial, as well as areas where installing multiple cameras may be difficult.

Multi-sensor PoE cameras

Multi-sensor PoE cameras contain multiple lenses and image sensors to record images from two or more angles. These types of PoE cameras offer similar benefits to turret and PTZ cameras regarding coverage, but with no moving parts they’re not susceptible to the same wear-and-tear damage.

PoE cameras vs. other security camera types

While there can be many benefits to installing and operating PoE security camera systems, it’s important to note that other types of camera installations may be more suitable in some situations. Here’s how PoE CCTV networks stack up against other popular types of camera systems.

PoE vs analog cameras

Analog security cameras generally record footage at a lower resolution than PoE cameras, meaning the footage is of a poorer quality. They can be more expensive to install if no existing infrastructure is in place. However, many older buildings may already have analog systems installed, making upgrades more cost-effective.

Other benefits include:

• Cost: Analog cameras are usually less expensive than compatible PoE cameras.
• Bandwidth: Analog devices don’t require much bandwidth, reducing network costs.
• Latency: Analog cameras can produce real-time footage with zero latency.

PoE vs standard IP cameras

PoE cameras are a subdivision of IP cameras, so the only major difference is the installation process. If the property already has power outlets near the proposed camera positions, opting for standard IP devices may be more suitable.

PoE vs WiFi cameras

WiFi cameras are another variation of IP cameras, enabling property owners to transmit live video data to monitoring and storage devices wirelessly over the internet. This type of system can be useful in properties where installing physical cables is too difficult or costly. However, provisions must be made to protect signals from cyber-attacks and interference.

Benefits of PoE cameras

PoE camera installations can combine many key features of standard IP and analog CCTV systems to produce cost-effective, flexible and scalable video security solutions. Here are the key benefits of PoE cameras.

Scalability and integrations

Additional cameras and monitoring stations can be added to PoE security camera systems with relative ease, only requiring an extra network connection to be added to existing cables. For comparison, if a property owner wanted to scale a traditional analog installation, they’d need to run new electrical cables between monitoring stations, power sources and cameras.

Many types of PoE cameras also support integrations with additional security and building management systems, notably those that feature open API configurations. Cameras can be linked to compatible access control, HVAC and alarm systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, allowing staff to program automated responses to common issues and events.

Installation flexibility

PoE cameras can be installed in many locations as they only require one cable for power and data communications. This means cameras can be installed away from power outlets and in areas where running multiple cables isn’t possible. While Ethernet cables have an operational limit of 328 ft (100 meters), PoE switches can be used to overcome restrictions.

Adjusting PoE camera installations is also easier than changing the layout of standard IP or analog systems, as only one cable will need to be moved and reinstalled. This can also be beneficial in terms of maintenance, as fewer cables means less risk of equipment failure.

Data/​power reliability 

PoE cameras transmit data over a hardwired internet connection, a configuration that affords greater reliability than comparable Wi-Fi and analog transmissions. Data transferred across Ethernet cables is also less susceptible to interference, signal degradation and crosstalk, giving operators a more consistent and reliable signal than they’d get using analog cameras.

Additionally, PoE systems offer a more reliable installation as they are powered using a single power source. In a traditional CCTV system, each camera is connected to its power source, introducing more components that could fail at any time. In a PoE system, all hardware is connected to one power supply so only one component needs to be maintained.

Quality of image

As IP PoE cameras capture and encode digital images using built-in computer processors, they can produce higher-resolution live and recorded footage than comparable analog cameras. This helps to improve security as operators can observe high-quality video and take advantage of greater situational awareness. Digital images captured by PoE cameras also need no further processing when sent to wider devices so NVRs can be used for simple storage and file management.

Another benefit of digital video recording is that captured images do not suffer the same degradation issues as analog systems, allowing for longer cable lengths with less interference. Digital zoom features can also be applied to footage captured by PoE cameras without negative effects on image quality like when using optical zoom tools.

Potential cost-savings

PoE camera installations are often more cost-effective than traditional IP or analog camera systems as they require fewer components and less wiring infrastructure. The installation of PoE cameras may also be faster, as only a single cable needs to be connected to the cameras and the central NVR, often meaning less downtime and reduced installation costs.

Common uses for PoE security cameras

PoE security camera systems can be successfully deployed in various environments to help businesses and property owners protect people and assets from harm. Their relatively simple installation, reliable signal quality and adaptability make PoE systems an excellent choice for stakeholders across major industries. Common types of applications for PoE cameras are discussed below.

Commercial office spaces

Camera systems for commercial spaces often have limited space for cable runs due to the electrical infrastructure required to power work equipment. PoE camera networks can be easily installed in crowded office environments with minimal impact on existing electrical systems and face less risk of interference from equipment than stakeholders would likely see with analog cameras. 

Warehouses and factories

As Ethernet cables suffer fewer issues with signal degradation than comparable Wi-Fi and coaxial cable installations, and their operational length can be extended using easy-to-install PoE switches, warehouse security solutions like PoE cameras are well-utilized in expansive warehouses and factories. Their ability to provide live feeds can also aid operators in improving security and safety outcomes.

Educational environments

PoE cameras with open API architecture can be integrated into existing school security systems, enabling staff to develop automated threat responses. For example, school cameras might be linked to motion sensors to automatically capture evidence of attempted break-ins, or access control systems to initiate a lockdown if a threat is detected.

Multi-tenant rental properties

Live and recorded footage captured by PoE cameras can be sent to linked cloud-management platforms, enabling property owners to view incidents across multiple properties from remote locations. Automated alerts can be programmed to warn admins of suspicious behaviors and dangerous activities, supporting property owners in analyzing and addressing events ²⁴⁄₇.

Hospitality and retail businesses

PoE cameras deployed in hospitality and retail security systems can support staff in facilitating safe shopping experiences for guests. Cameras can be integrated into security infrastructure to provide automated responses to common threats like vandalism and shoplifting and capture evidence of verbal and physical altercations with staff that might require further investigation.

Key considerations for an effective PoE camera system

Business and property owners must consider the unique requirements of their organizations to develop and implement an effective PoE security camera system. Teams should consider key factors such as their available budget, infrastructural limitations, future scalability needs and desired camera features. Here’s what to look for in an effective PoE camera system.

Image quality

The higher the quality of captured video footage, the more details security staff can identify and analyze during investigations. However, storage requirements and costs will increase as camera resolutions rise, so stakeholders should find an appropriate middle ground.

At a minimum, cameras with a resolution of 2 MP – 1080p should be prioritized, though models with higher resolutions of 4 MP – 2K or 8 MP – 4K may be used to capture clear footage of high-risk areas like access points and storage rooms.

Features and coverage area

Different models of PoE cameras may be required for different spaces, so consider whether dome, bullet, turret, PTZ or other camera types will provide adequate coverage of select areas. Extra features might also improve the efficacy of PoE cameras in certain areas, examples include: 

• AI video analytics: Automatically detect and alert operators to security threats such as intruders, unauthorized vehicles and fires.
• Low-light: Automated IR/​thermal/​night vision modes for ²⁴⁄₇ property coverage.
• Weatherproofing: Weather-resistant casings for outdoor PoE cameras.
• Anti-vandal: Integrated anti-tamper sensors for cameras installed in public spaces.

Integration capabilities

PoE camera systems can be enhanced via integrations with wider building management and security systems, so look for models with open API architecture. Some models also support integrations with AI video analytics software, enabling security teams to develop automated alerts and responsive functions based on abnormal events captured by installed cameras.

Remote management

PoE camera systems can be connected to cloud-based storage and management systems that help teams organize captured footage and check in on high-risk areas ²⁴⁄₇. If a cloud management portal is developed, admins can access and view live camera feeds ²⁴⁄₇ via any secure smart device to help ensure high-risk areas are reliably protected.

Cost

Alongside selecting camera hardware, cables and storage solutions within a predetermined budget, stakeholders will need to consider CCTV installation and maintenance fees. Some systems may need to be installed and regularly serviced by external vendors with additional fees, like software subscriptions and updates, requiring consideration before plans are finalized.

Conclusion

Security camera systems help property and business owners protect people and assets from threats, but choosing the right type of system can be challenging. PoE cameras can be easy to install, simple to scale and able to be integrated into wider security technologies, making them a great choice for stakeholders wishing to create new, future-proof installations.